Family: Zoropsidae Life
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Phanotea and Griswoldia has been removed from
the Miturgidae and placed in the family
Zoropsidae. These South African endemic spiders are also nocturnal, free
ranging, cryptic and terrestrial and resemble the
Lycosidae and
Ctenizidae, all 3 families belong in the
Lycosoidea. Phanotea (13 species) and Griswoldia (formally
Machadonia, 12 species) are the most common terrestrial spiders in forested
areas, hence the colloquial name, forest-floor spider. Some species live in
caves and rock recesses. These spiders can be found running among the rocks and
leaf litter at night, filling the ecological niche left vacant by the diurnal
lycosids.
Genera indigenous to southern Africa
Griswoldia
Griswoldia (formally
Machadonia) occurs from the Soutpansberg (Limpopo) to the Cape Peninsula
(Western Cape). With Phanotea, it is the most common terrestrial
spiders in moist forested areas,. They are also found away from forests in
grassland along streams with fern and other cool vegetation providing the
required moist
conditions. The females have a body length of 5.8-13.3mm. The males show little
sexual dimorphism and are slightly smaller with longer legs. Griswoldia
can be recognised by the pale medial band on the carapace with darker lateral
bands similar to the lycosids. During the day it retreats under rock or logs
and will easily desiccate in dry habitats. |
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Phanotea
Medium to large, 6.5-21mm body length, with 13 endemic
species occurring in the Eastern Cape, Western Cape and Kwazulu-Natal where
they are found in cave, forest and fynbos habitats. On the Cape Peninsula it
has been found that various cave endemics have a wider distribution and
occur wherever boulders form cool damp refuges (e.g.;
Drymusa capensis and
Malaika longipes). Phanotea digitata, found in Table Mountain
National Park, and Phanotea ceratogyna, found in
Grootvadersbos Nature Reserve, are common forest spiders. |
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Text and images by Norman Larsen
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